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盡管像天花和脊髓灰質(zhì)炎等感染性疾病已經(jīng)成為過(guò)去,但如今很多慢性病已經(jīng)開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)了,但我們不要?dú)怵H,很多健康長(zhǎng)壽的要素都掌握在我們手中。來(lái)自康涅狄格大學(xué)的研究人員表示,我們?cè)诮】敌睦韺W(xué)中觀察到的許多趨勢(shì)都是科學(xué)和健康發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的一部分,為了變得更加健康和長(zhǎng)壽,我們需要保持一種目標(biāo)感,追求積極的社會(huì)關(guān)系和健康的習(xí)慣,攝入有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物,并且進(jìn)行足夠的鍛煉和睡眠,而適度和樂(lè)觀是的。
圖片來(lái)源:medicalxpress.com
典型的西方醫(yī)學(xué)方法就是孤立地看待疾病,比如對(duì)于一個(gè)糖尿病患者而言,其胰腺并不能合適地調(diào)節(jié)糖類,因此就需要藥物來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,但盡管藥物有時(shí)候能夠解決一些問(wèn)題,但研究人員對(duì)健康心理學(xué)進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)達(dá)半個(gè)世紀(jì)的研究,如今他們也闡明了社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、文化、生理學(xué)、生物學(xué)和環(huán)境如何影響人類的健康。
換句話說(shuō),如果我們想要變得健康,孤立地思考疾病或許并不是正確的方法,人們處在一個(gè)能夠影響自身心理和生理學(xué)特定的復(fù)雜社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中,如今研究人員試圖通過(guò)多種方法來(lái)改善人們的機(jī)體健康。壓力就是其中一個(gè)重要因素,較高水平的壓力會(huì)增加機(jī)體炎癥的發(fā)生,zui終誘發(fā)自身免疫疾病和癌癥發(fā)生,其也會(huì)改變機(jī)體體重,改變糖分代謝,增加心臟壓力、降低機(jī)體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的敏感性,所有這些改變都是自我強(qiáng)化(self-reinforcing)的,一旦我們的健康狀況不佳,健康問(wèn)題就會(huì)成為人們的壓力,就會(huì)改變機(jī)體的行為,促進(jìn)健康進(jìn)一步惡化。
外傷、煩惱和貧窮也是重要的應(yīng)激因子,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),諸如失業(yè)及缺少社會(huì)支持等社會(huì)逆境能夠降低機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)的功能,而其它研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)了較低教育水平、壓力、炎癥增加及壽命縮短之間的關(guān)聯(lián),壓力也會(huì)產(chǎn)生許多生物學(xué)標(biāo)記,因此如何讓其更加輕松地“寫(xiě)”到身上呢?的確,壓力無(wú)處不在,日常生活中,人們會(huì)遭受來(lái)自工作、家庭、社會(huì)義務(wù)、希望和夢(mèng)想等等方面的壓力,但健康的人際關(guān)系能幫助我們有效預(yù)防多種疾病,婚姻對(duì)于男性尤其重要,顯然他們的伴侶更傾向于監(jiān)控男人的行為并不斷使其養(yǎng)成更為健康的生活方式。幸福的婚姻對(duì)于兩性都有好處,相比遺傳因素而言,一個(gè)人在50歲時(shí)的關(guān)系滿意度能夠有效預(yù)測(cè)其在80歲時(shí)的健康狀態(tài)。
良好的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)也具有一定的保護(hù)性,相比小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)的人群而言,社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)更大的人群患感冒的次數(shù)或許更少,生活中有一種使命感和意義對(duì)機(jī)體健康也非常有益處,而且從事志愿者工作也被認(rèn)為能夠有效改善機(jī)體心理健康。研究者指出,盡管很多因素都超出了人們的控制范圍,但行為改善策略卻可以幫助人們改善健康、壽命以及生活質(zhì)量;基于zheng念,同情,感激和接受的新形勢(shì)的認(rèn)知行為療法就是一個(gè)典型的例子,但研究者們建議,社會(huì)和政府或許在改善人們健康行為上也需要做得更好。
并不是每個(gè)人都會(huì)選擇居住的地方,也并不是所有的疾病都可以預(yù)防,但擁有目標(biāo)感、強(qiáng)大的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及健康的行為習(xí)慣或許能讓我們生活地更加健康和長(zhǎng)壽。(生物谷Bioon.com)
原始出處:
The keys to a long and healthy life
Even as infectious illnesses such as smallpox and polio have receded into the past, many chronic diseases have flourished.
But don't be discouraged, write two UConn researchers in Social Science and Medicine. The ingredients for a long, healthy life are within our grasp.
Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor of Psychological Sciences Blair Johnson and Rebecca Acabchuk, a physiology and neurobiology postdoctoral research associate, wrote the review as part of a golden jubilee celebration for the journal. They reviewed trends in the health psychology field that have developed over the past 50 years and reached some happy conclusions.
"Many of the trends we observe in health psychology are part of trends in science and health" more generally, the researchers say. The science on this topic ls a consistent story: to be healthy and long lived, we need to maintain a sense of purpose, pursue positive social relationships and healthy habits, eat a nutritious diet, and get sufficient exercise and sleep. Moderation and optimism are best.
The classic Western medical approach to disease is to look at it in isolation: here is a sick person with diabetes, his pancreas is not properly regulating sugar, medicine can fix that. But while medicine can sometimes fix that, half a century of research into health psychology is coming together now to show how socioeconomic factors, culture, physiology, biology and environment all influence health and well being, report Johnson and Acabchuk.......